The Rwandan Genocide Began On April 6Th 1994 Culminating

The Rwandan Genocide began on April 6th 1994 culminating in the killing of an estimated 800,000 Hutus and their sympathizers. After it became apparent that the Rwandan government was not willing or able to protect it s citizens, the question became why did the international community do nothing to intervene. Rwandan citizens’ lived under the premise, that their rights are protected under UN accords and treaties. The Genocide Convention of 1948, outlined the responsibilities of the participating countries under. However, the International community did not abide by the Convention. In Article 3 of the convention, it states that it is a punishable crime to commit genocide, plan or conspire to commit genocide, incite or cause other†¦show more content†¦The UN s lack of intervention, was based mainly on economics and conflict avoidance. The UNAMIR was an understaffed peacekeeping force which was ill-equipt intentionally, to keep costs low. With that in mind, the UN simply didn t want the added expense of sending extra troops to Rwanda.[7] An example of this mindset was evident in the actions of the United States. After suffering recent losses in Somalia, the United States was not interested in being involved in another costly conflict.[8] However, as the atrocities in Rwanda escalated, the UN had no choice but to act. On May 17, 1994, the UN finally agreed on the deployment of 5,000 to Rwanda, but their departure was delayed due to arguments regarding who will pay for them.[9] The UN had a legal and moral obligation to intervene sooner. As a former colony, the presence of colonialism in a country, will impose values and rule of law onto the culture. Some would say, former colonizing nations have legal reparative obligations, to their former colony when the colony is in transition to Nationhood. There is an argument to be made as to the damage done to a culture by being colonized. Before German colonization of Rwanda, the Tutsi-Hutu were divided by socioeconomic class, not ethnicity.[10] The Tutsi reigned peacefully over theShow MoreRelatedOutline of the Rwandan Genocide2079 Words   |  9 PagesOutline of the Rwandan Genocide: Draft Introduction Rwanda is a small land-locked nation, about 26,338 square kilometres in size, bordered by Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and Tanzania. Though mainly flat, the country has a large mountain range on its northwest coast – the Virunga Mountains – that are home to the famous Rwandan Mountain Gorillas. In 1994, this seemingly insignificant country put itself on the world map, but for all the wrong reasons. Over a period of just one hundredRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesdepression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the causes and consequences of the Great War that began in 1914. That conflict determined the contours of the twentieth century in myriad ways. On the one hand, the war set in motion transformative processes that were clearly major departures from those that defined the nineteenth-century world order

Business Model for the Organisation-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Explain what is involved when referring to the notion of an e-business archetype, business model as an activity system and a Business Model as a cost-revenue architecture. 2.Explain how these Business Model conceptualisations can be used to analyse and solve static and dynamic problems, including business model design/re-design problems. 3.Explain what is meant by the term Business Context and the notion that change in Business. 4.Refer to an organisation that has been impacted by either one or a combination of the following Phenomena. Answers: Introduction Business model assists a business to have a concise and clear picture about its operation. Management team draws the accurate business model for the organisation and they strive to give value mostly to the customers. This value proposition tends to be stronger than the competitors in the market. The management team draws the business model in a way that acquires large customer base for the business. The aim of the business model is to generate sell for the business and increase revenue opportunity. In first part of the essay, one business concept model will be discussed mentioning relevance of e-business archetype, business model as a system and cost-revenue archetype. In latter part of the essay, McDonalds business model and its relevance will be discussed. In the last section, impact of the business model of business will be discussed. Defining the concept of a business model In Franchise model, instead of building own business, some of business owners buy another's business strategy and growth. The franchise system allows one business to purchase another company ownership stake and the franchise buyer does not need to make own distribution channel and develop new products. The parent company needs to provide proprietary products and brand name to the franchisor. However, as stated by Pedersen, Gwozdz Hvass (2016), franchise system is beneficial for both, it can reduce the capital investment of the franchisor and for the parent organisation, it provides benefits to open a new store in other location that can enhance brand image. Franchise owners can have revenue that would be collected from that location and franchise will have licensing fees. Moreover, if the business has e-business model through a mobile app, the customers will have the products in near outlets. 1.Explaining the notion of an e-business archetype, business model as an activity system and cost-revenue architecture The business model can be referred as a statement, description, architecture, a representation, a method and a structural template for an organisation (Mazzarol et al., 2016). Doing a business electronically is the new notion of the business model as it is a less expensive way and risk is low. Internet based business refers that the organisation conducts the business and commercial transaction through an internet. In recent time, businesses have made advances in information technologies and communication system. Of late, computing system decreases the utilisation cost that accelerates the boundary of e-business. E-business models are diverse and these could be e-shops, third party services, e-procurements and online network creation. There are others e-business models as well that are infrastructure network, portals, producers. A business operates with the concept of participants in a business with interest of company, customers, allies and suppliers. Strategic method for e-business is now relationship marketing. Most of the e-business firms now take the concept of freemium concept as the organisations are now providing free products, services, plans and subscriptions. As described by Miller, McAdam McAdam, (2014), the most of the organisations are trying to accumulate various media channels into one. Most importantly, the organisations are trying to focus mainly on the mobiles based app and internet. E-business archetype is related to the mission, structure, revenues, process, legal issues and technologies (Zott, Raphael Massa, 2011). Value creation mechanism has been experimented multiple times by the digital economy and marketers are creating values with making a network with partners in e-business. Value creation in e-business can be described as digital economy and also as set of capabilities. Resources, core competencies and capabilities are helpful for making strategic networks. However, four main sources for value creation are lock-in, novelty, efficiency and complementariness (Schneider Spieth, 2013). Moreover, firm performance is related to the business model and the process of utilising resources and capabilities. Most of the e-business provides emphasis on novelty that allows the business to have strategy of differentiation or cost leadership strategy. Business model focuses mainly on the generation of cost and revenue and the main attention is on business model innovation. The e-business needs to decrease time in marketing with maturing business model lifecycle. There are four aspects in cost revenue architecture, financial aspects, customer interface, value proposition and business infrastructure (Spieth, Schneckenberg Ricart, 2014). In addition to this, business model innovation is important as it is vehicle for business transformation. 2.Explaining business model conceptualizations and solving static and dynamic problems In business model, components are value proposition, customer relationship, key activities and key resources, goals, channels and scopes (Iacob et al., 2014). Static properties of an organisation will be unchanged in overtime and these help the organisation in carrying out the activities. However, in order to gather innovation in business model, the management can integrate dynamic features. The business model can be seen as the components that would help an organisation to have the overall process of an organisation in highlighting target customers. The static components of business can be solved through interaction, synergies and flexibility. Static problems can be solved through value proposition, nature of inputs and outputs, congruence strategy components, key resources, transformation of inputs and revenue and profit. However, dynamic capabilities are included with the business environment with innovative actions, rapid change, time-to-market and competitive reduction. Dynamic capabilities can be referred as organisations capacity and management responsibilities (Hargreaves, Longhurst Seyfang, 2013). The organisation can do susceptible change with taking adaptive capabilities, absorptive capabilities and innovative capabilities. Figure 1: Business Innovation through dynamic capabilities (Source: Nica, 2015) 3.Explain the business context and the notion that changes business Context analysis can be stated as a method that is helpful to refer the operation of business environment (Martins, Rindova Greenbaum, 2015). The environment of business can be two types, external and internal. Corporate entrepreneurship is all about development of new ideas and organisation always strives for profitability. All the organisations try to be profitable and strategic renewal is needed even if it is business model. Existing business must go on changes if it's running in the not profitable way. Within the management, the organisation takes the decision in notion of innovation and it is the core concept of corporate entrepreneurship (Liebowitz, 2013). Innovation and corporate entrepreneurship both talk about calculated risk taking the ability of a business bring change in business model. Change management in business model talks about technology innovation that can be seen in mechanism of firms innovation and organisations resources about technologies. Technology changes are considered to be the core concept in business innovation and that is inevitable. Technology changes can be seen as vehicle for innovation and most important subject in sustainability and innovation. 4.Referring to an organisation that has been impacted by changes phenomena McDonalds organisation has its outlets worldwide and it has its outlets in Australia too. Moreover, the McDonalds takes the business model of franchise seriously and with the help of the business model, the organisation gives service in more than 50 million people in more than 118 countries (McDonald's Australia, 2017). McDonald's sells more than 50 burgers every second in worldwide figure. Additionally, in managing big-data, McDonald's has multidisciplinary team in to deploy the responses in case any issue occurs. Organisation in a past few years took the action through an information-centric organisation with providing data driven decision. In makings useful decision in IT analytics and software developing, the organisation provides training to HR, finance team in using of Big Data. Marketing department works hard in deploying the big data services in McDonald's. Moreover, McDonald's has numerous franchisee business models all over the worlds and making a connection and creating da ta driven culture, McDonald's binds the organisation with a single actionable and relevant big data. Nonetheless, it is showing that technology is important for not only e-business for also franchise business model. In value chain analysis, it is the future in technology using as logistics are associated with this. Inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics and marketing and sales and services are related to this. McDonald's has support activities like firm infrastructure, human resources, management and technology development with procurement services (DaSilva Trkman, 2014). In inbound logistics, McDonald's buys raw vegetables and materials from suppliers and operation happens in restaurant kitchen. In the process, the organisation keeps it system oriented as computer keeps the track of the process of selling through the use of technologies. In addition, in outbound logistics, the organisation provides more focus on the energy conservation, innovation and sustainability. Explaining the organisation's business model that has been impacted by change and managers responsibilities McDonalds Australia focuses the franchise business model and organisation has mobile app and customers can order products. In changing the business through the use of technologies, value creation, correct use of resources and capabilities, the organisation needs to allocate more budget. The managers of the organisation need to take decision about this. Conclude by briefly discussing the significance of your findings for the future of business models research and practice. Changes in sustainability and innovation are related to embracing the industry disruption. It shows that if one product or service is not working properly, the organisation must follow the industry trend to handle the situation. McDonald's can opt to have e-business option that delivers on-time fast food on customers demand. In addition, knitting the network together is important as in case of disruption of industry, the organisation can knit together the networks in altogether. Lastly, customer relation is importa nt as it is related to the pulse of the customers who buy the products who can provide comments through social media. Conclusion The business model in recent time is a new unit of explanation which can bridge the traditional idea about the network of the company. Furthermore, it is observed that business model is mostly the systematic or holistic adaptation of organisation's growth that the managers take to achieve the goals. Franchisee model may help to have the growth, however, e-business model simultaneous consideration in operating a business. The business model should consider the performance of organisation, partners, customer and suppliers Reference List DaSilva, C. M., Trkman, P. (2014). Business model: what it is and what it is not.Long range planning,47(6), 379-389. Hargreaves, T., Longhurst, N., Seyfang, G. (2013). Up, down, round and round: connecting regimes and practices in innovation for sustainability.Environment and Planning A,45(2), 402-420. Iacob, M. E., Meertens, L. O., Jonkers, H., Quartel, D. A., Nieuwenhuis, L. J., van Sinderen, M. J. (2014). From enterprise architecture to business models and back.Software Systems Modeling,13(3), 1059-1083. Liebowitz, J. (Ed.). (2013).Big data and business analytics. Boca Raton: CRC press. Martins, L. L., Rindova, V. P., Greenbaum, B. E. (2015). Unlocking the hidden value of concepts: a cognitive approach to business model innovation.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,9(1), 99-117. Mazzarol, T., Reboud, S., Limnios, E. M., Clark, D. (Eds.). (2014).Research handbook on sustainable co-operative enterprise: Case studies of organisational resilience in the co-operative business model. Edward Elgar Publishing. McDonald's Australia. (2017). Mcdonalds.com.au. Retrieved 24 August 2017, from https://mcdonalds.com.au/ Miller, K., McAdam, M., McAdam, R. (2014). The changing university business model: a stakeholder perspective.RD Management,44(3), 265-287. Nica, E. (2015). ICT innovation, internet sustainability, and economic development.Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics,3(3), 24-29. Pedersen, E. R. G., Gwozdz, W., Hvass, K. K. (2016). Exploring the relationship between business model innovation, corporate sustainability, and organisational values within the fashion industry.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-18. Schneider, S., Spieth, P. (2013). Business model innovation: Towards an integrated future research agenda.International Journal of Innovation Management,17(01), 134-137 Spieth, P., Schneckenberg, D., Ricart, J. E. (2014). Business model innovationstate of the art and future challenges for the field.RD Management,44(3), 237-247. Zott, C., Raphael, A,. Massa, L., (2011), The Business Model: Recent Developments and Future Research. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1019-1042

UK Investment in Properties

Complicated Women (2003) in the Movie Culture essayEssay Writing Service

Complicated Women (2003) in the Movie Culture essayEssay Writing Service Complicated Women (2003) in the Movie Culture essay Complicated Women (2003) in the Movie Culture essayThe 2003 documentary Complicated Women is an art piece discovering the provocative character of female roles in pre-code Hollywood. Narrated by Jane Fonda, it covers the period between 1929-1934 to research on films that were breaking all stereotypes by portraying free, bold, strong and emancipated women, who seduced with their body, had lovers, and held serious jobs just like men did. However, under the cover of seeming gender equality following the adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution in 1920, they were also taking active part in the sexual liberation of morals, downgrading a woman to an object of man’s desires, an erotic symbol serving to please the male gaze.Indeed, as LaSalle (2001) states in his book, late 1920’s are often referred to as â€Å"the decade of pleasure,† a time of freedom and self-indulgence. People talked increasingly open about sex, and premarital sex became increasing ly common. Hugh Munro Neely’s (2003) documentary (based on LaSalle’s 2001 work) emphasizes that on the TV screens, directors insisted that sexuality is inherent to any person: both women and men tend to experience sexual desire and satisfy their intimate needs. For instance, The Divorcee (1930) was one of the first films to revolutionize the image of the devoted wife: When the husband Norma Shearer’s character has an affair, the wife gets into an affair of her own. With the arrival of big cinema in the 1930’s and a change of priorities in life associated with the Great Depression, American moviemakers introduced the Hays Code, the code of filmmaking ethics the obliged Hollywood cinematographers to stop displaying nudity, provocative dance, â€Å"scenes of passion†, extra-marital affairs as well as other relations undermining the moral foundations of spectators. Despite the fact that the Code was adopted in 1930, until 1934 there was almost nobody w ho obeyed it. Therefore, the mainstream cinema (not to mention pornography) of early thirties often showed intimate relationships, homosexuality, miscegenation, half-naked women, and much more, like Tarzan and His Mate (1934), which featured total female nudity.Through the clips the Complicated Women (2003) relies on we may see how the films of that period exposed the modes of recreating female physicality, sexuality, and explicitness of sexually scenes. Thus, there was a strong emphasis on womanhood in female clothes: breasts, waist, and hips. Neckline was back in fashion, but while it was quite restrained in the front, the back was almost completely bare. The waistline rose from the hips to its natural place. Woman shapes were highlighted by silk fabrics smoothly flowing downwards. An ideal woman’s hips were narrow, and the breast was no longer hidden but rather stressed deliberately. In general, as LaSalle (2001) noted, designers purposely developed the style of clothes th at would allow emphasizing every curve of a sexy female body in the most spectacular way.It is obvious that the key to the successful performance was seen in its tempting, seductive nature. A female actress not only promises the obtainment of pleasure, but also creates the desire itself (Gill, 2007). Even though it is not viable to say that women are more charming or more desirable than men, in most cases, as Weeks (2007) study shows, women are more open to being desirable. Despite the radical changes in social life of the early 1930’s, women continued to look at themselves â€Å"through the eyes of a man,† introducing themselves as an object of his desires, above all (Greer, 1999; Gill, 2003). For instance, Jean Harlow would keep ice to chill her breasts before she was going into the scene. A sex symbol of her time, she desired to make sensibility and bright sex appeal the main features of her screen image. As a result, she became enormously popular due to her films T he Red-Headed Woman (1932) and The Red Dust (1932), in which Jean’s main advantage was her overtly sexual attractiveness.It should be noted here that the popularity estimated through the terms of sexual attractiveness was, in fact, gradually objectifying female actresses, making their sexuality a sort of a product willingly consumed by the public, and especially the male viewers. Later studies (Greer, 1999; Gill, 2003; Weeks, 2007) proved that an excessive number of images of young and sexually attractive women on screens have led to the fact that men are unable to perceive a half-naked women in media as a human being. Moreover, the results of brain scans show that men’s reaction to these photos is similar to the reaction to inanimate objects (Rosewarne, 2007). The conclusion to be made is clear: men perceive provocatively sexy women either as an object of desire, or as an attribute of success, which is vividly present in Female (1933), Ex-Lady (1933) and Baby Face (19 33).A woman-lover, woman-dancer, a woman-prostitute, or a woman-criminal was entirely in the spirit of 1930’s, where an image of female identity is used both as the tool and means to stimulate sex consumption. A common technique of this kind is the relevant placement of female figures in the space. In social life situations, beds and floors are the places where the lying persons will be lower than those who sit or stand, while the lying position is one of those in which physical self-defense is less convenient and, thus, a person in such position is rather dependent on the generosity of others (Gill, 2007). Analyzing film fragments presented in Complicated Woman (2003), we may observe that women are more often portrayed in the lying or sitting position on the sofa, armchair, bathtub, etc., which is a classic universal technique in mirroring the socially-accepted model of the â€Å"man-woman† relationship, i.e. the model of apparent superiority of one sex over the other . Furthermore, women are often portrayed with their legs bent at the knees, like in Safe in Hell (1931), Anna Christie (1930) or Ladies They Talk About (1933), which is a traditional manifestation of sexual availability, and yet again confirms the subordinate and dependent position of women.In this way, the films of 1930’s were the first to contribute into the creation of a completely false impression of the world overflowing with imposingly â€Å"perfect† girls – desirable for a man and desiring a man themselves. Incredibly beautiful and inimitable actresses soon became icons and set the tone for the cinematography of later decades. Always gorgeous and incredibly feminine, at the same time, their images were appealing to rather specific female qualities, such as the power of sexuality. Endlessly exploiting female body as an erotic symbol, the films of those times were mostly seeing and emphasizing only the properties of female nature that were attractive to men in the first place, thus objectifying women and turning them into a promotion tool serving to attract attention and please male ambitions.

Ludwig Wittgenstein Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ludwig Wittgenstein - Essay Example However, his role as the chief influence on the development of analytic philosophy and the studies on logic, language, perception, intention, ethics, religion, aesthetics, and culture etc cannot be outshined by many in the modern philosophy. "Considered by some to be the greatest philosopher of the 20th century, Ludwig Wittgenstein played a central, if controversial, role in 20th-century analytic philosophy. He continues to influence current philosophical thought in topics as diverse as logic and language, perception and intention, ethics and religion, aesthetics and culture." (Biletzki) Therefore, it is obvious that Ludwig Wittgenstein has left his imprints on the philosophical thought of the contemporary world and his significance as a great philosopher of logic, Mathematics, mind, and the language needs to be appropriately recognized. A profound analysis of the life and works of this great genius helps one in recognizing the true merit of his philosophies and in admitting that Wit tgenstein was exact and correct about the philosophical positions he held. This paper takes up such a reflective analysis of the philosophical ideas of Wittgenstein who needs yet to be understood exactly and properly and it is an endeavor to recognize this philosopher as acceptable in what he propagated. To comprehend t

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded Essay - 5

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow - Essay Example Whether in primary or middle school, the true purpose of education has lost its significance to a great extent as people seem to have forgotten that education is intrinsically linked with acquisition of knowledge. (Davidson and Carber, 2009, p.9) During the formative years, the students traverse through different stages of development and the educational programs that they are taught are not similar as that of middle schools, but one of the most significant aspects of PYP or Primary Years Program is to inculcate the idea of inquiry although it is doubtful whether the educators make genuine efforts for developing the stance of inquiry (Davidson and Carber 2009, p.11). Moreover, the teachers are concerned with the completion of curriculum that robs the children of their natural abilities of expression. For instance, if a child is unable to grasp the concept of ‘transparent’ in the classroom, a teacher may or may not prefer to take special efforts to think of a better way to solve this problem although the principles of teaching reinforce this concept. Thus, knowledge remains unfinished in most schools from early childhood and children may never learn to ask questions even during the latter years when they grow up to become adults. Knowledge, as it is known to us remains a maxim that looks good in text books and it is a fact that few people will be able to abolish when viewed in today’s perspective. The most common example that can be cited for explaining the redundancy of knowledge is that of computer education, which is now being taught in most schools and colleges. It is undoubtedly true that the world of computers, which is developing faster than a sudden storm, leave the learners in awe. Moreover, the parents are puzzled with the inclination among most children to choose computer as their chosen subject. Additionally, the computer programs and curriculums that are taught in

Aluminum smelter in South Africa Essay Example for Free

Aluminum smelter in South Africa Essay We recommend you do not build this new Greenfield primary aluminum smelter in South Africa. In order to achieve a 15% ROI on your investment, you require a long-term average price of $1500 for aluminum. We have estimated that demand for primary aluminum in 5 years will be at $20bn, which will support a market price of around $1490. This heavily builds on the assumption that aluminum inventories will be zero by that time, which depends on a successful implementation of the international Memorandum of Understanding. Historically these non-binding agreements have been very hard to enforce, and so a scenario where supply is far greater than demand is likely, leading to large inventories and lower prices. It is because of this uncertainty that we recommend you do not build the plant. Back-up calculations: 1.ROI calculation: Given investment costs of $1.6bn, full capacity of 466,000 t/year and an ROI requirement of 15%, we calculated that you require a price of $1,500 per ton of aluminum. 2.In the short run, all smelters need to cover variable costs, which include electricity, alumina, other material costs and freight cost. In the long-run, they need to cover total costs. a.The current price ($1,100) covers variable costs for 20 million tons of capacity; the long-run price will have to be higher. b.Smelters may hesitate to scale down production of individual pots, as this will still incur costs of labour or other non-material costs, as well as additional costs in having to rebuild and reline the pots. c.Not all producers are subject to the same pressures, e.g., variable costs differ significantly between different smelters (different size, efficiency, tax breaks, power agreements). Government-run facilities may have more financial support due to their social role in addition to pure production, such as securing raw materials supply for domestic industries, as well as providing jobs for local communities. 3.Given a CAGR of 2% per year, we estimate total aluminum demand to be 27 million tons in 1998. Assuming that inventories are zero, and primary demand accounts for 74% of total supply, this would imply primary demand of 20 million tons. 4.To produce 20 million tons, the price would be around $1,490 per ton. 5.The reduction in inventories and stabilization of the price level depends on the success of the MoU. Other producers may not look favorably on you opening a new smelter when they have had to cut down on production.