Run to win marathon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Run to win marathon - Essay caseRun to win is a half(prenominal) marathon planned for sports men. A half marathon is the chronic running event that is for experienced runners. This cannonball along is on 21 km or 13.1 miles. It is called a half marathon because it is half the distance of a marathon and is run on the road.The distance is challenging yet it does not require the extensive training one has to go under in a marathon. round places the half marathon is also known as 21k. Usually citizenry tend to start with a half marathon and then take up the challenge of a marathon. (Dostoc, 2011)This physical and mentally demanding diversion requires a lot of training and proper preparation if beingness attempted for the first time. Proposed Date 12 February 2012 Location --- Time 8 am-2 pm Event Objectives Primary Objective To en surely that top major athletes attend this half marathon on 12 February 2012 and be this event a major success. This entrust be achieved by invitin g the athletes personally by telephone and personal invitation and making sure the event is wellhead attended and proper coverage is provided. (Smart Plan, 2011) To achieve coverage, the management will make sure that the proper political science are notified and that word gets come out and the respective media makes the event a smashing success. In short to make sure that the even brings in top people and proper coverage is provided to them. Financial Objective The fiscal objective of this event is to gain enough sponsors to support the financial cost of this event and churn out a profit if possible. The prize money is such to entice top athletes so that the event becomes a successful one and draws in big crowds. As its both open to males and females olibanum it would be lone(prenominal) fair if the prize money is awarded to both the top contestants and runner ups in both the gender. It is decided and so to either breakeven or to run into a profit which would thus lead into fu rther event proviso generation. The prize money for the winner could be settled at $2000 followed by $1500 for the second runner up and $500 for the third runner up. All these figures are estimation and a minimum figure is thus provided and is not final. These values are both for males and females separately. (Dostoc, 2011) Event Details The event is aimed at the puppylike and forthcoming athletes along with the mixture of some top class professionals to make the competition exciting. This is done to let the young and upcoming athletes to show case their sportsmanship and talent and with a desire to win the prize money, the event sure is to draw a lot of attention and competitors from all around the country. excessively with the event being a prominent one the outreach would be huge because of the media coverage that would be present before and during this event. Activities The stimulate being the main event and activity itself is not the only main attraction of the event. To m ake this event a more bigger and better success, I decided to put in some extra events so that not only the athletes and racers could participate but also the general audience or the spectators of this exhilarating race could take some interest too besides watching. Included is a costume contest competition, during the race there are some tricky fun obstacles to make the race more interesting and challenging. Also to make it sort of more exciting the audience gets a chance to enter into a well-off draw that sort of works on the ranking of the racers in the events. (Active Network, 2011) Promotion The promotion of this event is a must and thus needs to be on an extensive scale so that majority of the people are made aware of this event and are thus attracted towards it leading it to make it a success. The near likely options include that of social networking and social media, chiefly Facebook, twitter, MySpace, Google plus and the likes. (Goshen, 2010) Social media penetration woul d guarantee a lot of exposure and platform but is not enough, so poster, word of mouth leaflets and such constituted and popular mediums would also be favoured too. The cost for these would raise

Compare and Contrast piaget's and kohlberg theories of moral Essay

Compare and Contrast piagets and kohlberg theories of moral develpment. Which seems more relevent to the resume of adolesecnts why - Essay ExampleBoth believed that moral education could be enhanced through black-tie education and through cooperative decision-making and problem solving situations at school.Piaget focused on the moral lives of children and believed that solely development emerges form action. Morality results from social interaction. Piaget observed children of different ages while playing marbles and reached several(prenominal) conclusions. In another instance, he presented situations to children and asked them to suggest who should be punished. This test further confirmed that younger children looked at consequences while the older ones concentrated on the intent.According to Piaget, in the first floor, upto the age of five, children do not understand morals or rules but Kohlberg asserted that individuals at this stage focus on the transfer consequences that th eir actions will have for themselves. They are guided by punishment or rewards and have their own have-to doe with at hand.Kohlberg explained in the second stage, children seek approval of others and they respond to the obligations of duty. Piaget believed that the second stage which lasts upto the age of nine-spot is called moral realness. Here the children follow rules because they are there. The importance is on the wrong act itself and the consequences, and not on the intentions of the doer.Piagets theory of the moral relativity stage dismounts at the age of seven and overlaps with the moral realism stage (Everything2, 2002). The children develop their own internal rules depending upon convenience and not rely on external rules. They start evaluating actions based on intentions. Kohlbergs contention was that most adults do not reach the last stage (Barger, 2000). Nevertheless, they do demonstrate genuine interest in the welfare of others. Those who experienced this stage did exhibit find for universal principles and followed their own conscience also. Kohlberg was

What impact does the safety record of SUVs have on the economy Essay

What impact does the safety record of SUVs have on the economy - Essay compositors caseBy examining the safety record to demonstrate how SUVs are indeed responsible for more deaths and injuries than passenger cars and how these supererogatory injuries in turn influence losses in wages and productivity while increasing police, health check and insurance costs, attention throughout the paper is focused on how poor safety ratings government issueing from the use of these vehicles adversely impact the economy.The physical size of an SUV mistakenly provides drivers with a feeling of security, but the facts show that these vehicles actually come forward drivers and passengers in much greater danger of death, whiplash, and spinal injuries. The illusion of large is better has been proven to be a dangerous myth. The impression that SUVs are safer is driven more on the perception that they are bigger and can therefore provide more protection, but accident studies show this is not the cas e. Mid-sized and smaller SUVs such(prenominal) as the Nissan Pathfinder, Suzuki Sidekick, and Jeep Wrangler had driver death-rates significantly higher than the average vehicle. In examining deaths per million passengers, SUVs had wellhead-nigh the same death rates in accidents as small cars, but substantially more fatalities than mid-sized or large cars (SUVs Risks, n.d.). Still, the perception of bigger is safer abounds. Mothers with the best of intentions for their family decide to purchase SUVs sacrificing the added expense for gas for what they believe is a safer vehicle for their children.SUVs, because of their high center-of-gravity, are much more likely to roll over than smaller vehicles or mini vans in all circumstances. Studies have shown the high profile of these vehicles contributes to this inclination especially as the result of an accident. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, a research organization for the insurance industry, tested SUVs to show how well thes e vehicles protect the driver and passengers in a collision. Midsized SUVs were rated on a basis of good,

The characteristics of small business owners&8223, and the nature of Essay

The characteristics of small business owners, and the nature of small business in general - Essay ExampleSmall businesses are usually sole proprietorship companies that are rush by individuals or families. The success of small businesses largely depends on their owners and the resources available to them (English, 2006). There are umteen desirable characteristics of small business owners, namely (a) opportunity seekers, (b) risk-takers, (c) persistent, (d) committed to work, (e) goal setters, (f) information seekers, (g) knows how to demand for tonicity and efficiency, (h) good in planning and monitoring, (i) persuasive and knows how to communicate ideas, and (j) confident ((English, 2006 English and Moate, 2009 Deakins, and Freel, 2009). To get a clearer shew of how small businesses work and what important characteristics small business owners should lose, let us discuss these things one by one. II. Characteristics of Small Businesses in General One of the main advantages of sm all businesses is flexibility and the ability to move rapidly (Deakins, and Freel, 2009). Note that in small businesses, the owners are usually at the helm of the operations and can nail down immediately on issues concerning the business. Also, in small businesses, at that place are very few management levels which bring up decision-making processes less complicated (Deakins, and Freel, 2009). Since small businesses are flexible, it can easily jump into certain opportunities. ... This kind of escaped and fluid communication is usually absent in larger companies so it takes longer time for bigger companies to decide on certain production issues and meet the demands of the market. Small businesses have many disadvantages but they likewise have disadvantages. One of the biggest disadvantages of small businesses is limited capital. Most small businesses are financed directly from the pocket of their owners so they do not usually have that much start-up capital (Gerber, 2001). Gen erating capital through bank loans may also prove to be quite a challenge for small businesses since they establishments do not have enough assets to serve as guarantee for loans (Gerber, 2001). In most cases, small business owners have to owe their personal properties to finance their businesses. Since small businesses have limited capital, these establishments may find it difficult to development their products powerful and reach their target market efficiently (Gerber, 2001). Operating on shoe-string budget often takes its toll on small businesses and many of these establishments go bankrupt during the first six months of operation. III. Characteristics of Small Business Owners Running a small business is challenging and it takes a special breed of entrepreneurs to set-up and run this kind of establishment. According to Zahra et al. (2009), footrace a small business is like running a guerilla army with limited resources in a flexible environment that allows the entrepreneur t o innovate and be creative. As earlier mentioned in this essay, there are many desirable characteristics of small business owners. In order to survive in a very competitive market, small business owners must know how to spot opportunities and act

Sales & Purchasing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

sales & Purchasing - Case Study instanceThis paper reflects on a gross revenue report and an action plan by John Ziegler, a newly promoted sales manager working for Arapahoe Pharmaceutical Company based in Dallas.The market grime occupied in Dallas by Arapahoe pharmaceutical is very ripe with a high number of health facilities and physicians. The amount of physicians contacted by the company throughout the year totaled to fifteen thousand and one hundred, 15,100 as shown in table 2 above. This reflected in the enterprise performance in the total number of sales attained for the year. Totals sales for the year reached an impressive figure of three million, quint hundred and fifty-nine thousand, 3,559,000. Sales numbers of this magnitude indicate the excellent effort made by the companys sales department. It is appropriate to note the significant improvement of sales representatives performance from the previous year.Arapahoe pharmaceuticals yearly sales increased from two milli on, eight hundred and fifteen thousand, 2,815,000, for the last year. This indicates an improvement of over 25 percent, 25.3% (Summer, 2013).Marty Nakai topped the sales representatives performance list by managing to sell products worth six hundred and 25 thousand, 625,000. Dick McClure, Bill Morrison and Tom Jones were other top performers each managing to sell products worth over five hundred and fifty thousand. Peggy Doyle was bottom of the performance list. This is because she was new and had only been active for four months. Another young carnivore sales representative was Larry Palmer, who managed to sell products worth one hundred and eighty-one thousand after existence active for a period of eight months. Jared Murphy managed to sell products worth three hundred and seventy-five thousand for the whole year. Almost all sales people performed well in terms of sales during the year (Summer, 2013).All member of Arapahoe Pharmaceutical Company sales team improved on

Paper that assesses the legal problems of genuineness of assent and Essay

Paper that assesses the legal problems of genuineness of consent and what condition must prevail in order for a removeual offer to be null and void proportional to absense of genuineness - Essay ExampleAgreements or promises made must be consented to in order to tie up all the parties to a experience. Essentially, the contracting process has to be genuine. If the genuineness of approve is questionable, the underlying contract(s) might transgress to be legally binding. However, there argon legal challenges involved relative to proving neglect of genuineness of assent in a contract context. The enforceability of a contract is subject to genuineness of assent (Miller, 2012).Contracts are efficaciously and efficiently performed where genuineness of assent is not questionable. When genuineness of assent is characterized by doubt or lack of it altogether, legal provisions applicable to the contract context take their course. In this respect, the primary legal problems and challen ges that phone genuineness of assent include defect, deceit, undue influence, or duress (Miller, 2012). The occurrence of these factors in a contract jeopardizes voluntary consent.Mistakes in contracting can be made by one or to a greater extent parties. In most cases, mistakes in contracting are either factual or value-based. On its part, misrepresentation encompasses fraudulent and non-fraudulent practices that could be perpetrated by one, more than one, or all the contracting parties. Where a contracting ships companys free will is overcome by the influence of another party resulting in contract consent that is not driven by free will, undue influence is realized (Miller, 2012). Moreover, an agreement or promise made under threats or force is not genuine an aspect referred to as duress. every last(predicate) these issues constitute legal problems involved in contracting as far as genuineness of assent is concerned.For a contractual offer to be null and void relative to absen ce of genuineness, there are conditions that must be satisfied relative to mistake, misrepresentation, undue influence, or duress in contracting (Miller, 2012). Whether the mistake is unilateral or

Virtual Private Network Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Virtual Private Network - Research Paper congressmanIn the 1990s the most used technologies were frame pass on, dial up modems and packet switching. These technologies were very meaty for connectivity at the time. The need to have secured connections remotely, like connecting to an organizations private network grew with time. The idea of having a private leased line could not work therefore bringing the need of having much(prenominal) a connection through the public infrastructure. Early VPNs were complex and expensive and did not make business sense. The coming of newer technologies, as will be looked at in the next section led to simpler virtualization and more rarefied uses of VPNs. Technologies The VPN technologies can be widely divided into the secure VPNs, the trusted VPNS and the hybrid VPNs. There are antithetic VPN technologies that are passported by service providers today. These are either layer 2 or layer 3 technologies. Example of the layer 2 trusted VPN technol ogies are the ATM circuits, the layer 2 frame-overs and the frame relay circuits. An Example of the trusted layer 3 VPN technology is the MPL that is constrained through the BGP. Some service providers offer a wide range of hybrid technologies that have several applications in the current world. It is, however, worth noting that the gettable VPN hybrid technologies only tend to be secure in the parts that are based on the VPNS alone. Examples of a hybrid VPNs are the technologies run over other VPN technologies that are secured or trusted. In such cases, the hybrid VPN acquires the features of the secured VPN.

Political Economic Situation of HK Research Paper

Political Economic Situation of HK - look into Paper ExampleThe China National Tourism Administration has stopped tourists under package tours from tour HK. The results earn been the shortcomings in the economy as 30 percent of Chinese visitors travel via package tours. However, the lay everywhere of package tours is a temporary measure and does not point to the long-term structural change in China. It does not also mean that the Chinese government would cut the Individual Visitors Scheme as it is peerless of the Chinas bigger plans for integration with Hong Kong. Therefore, the causal agency has no long-term impacts on the economy. However, its long-term governmental and social effects can lead to long-term economic results.Nonetheless, protests that have become more support are likely to erode the appeal of Hong Kong to global firms. Hang Seng index, the local stock market benchmark, has tumbled over 9% since hitting a peak in six months in September. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority revealed that banks have closed down 44 branches because of the protests. The situation of the city can thus push away investors as most sectors, as the financial markets are not operating normally. Most people who could be on the job(p) are in the streets, protesting. According to the Citigroup economist, investors and businesses are in an environment that is increasingly creating higher operational risks. The movement seems disorderly to most foreigners and has thus created a negative perception of Hong Kong and mainland China.Despite the results of the protests, Chinese government has shown no signboard of relenting.

Whether Differences in Flexible Working Practices Constitute a Barrier Research Paper

Whether Differences in whippy Working Practices Constitute a Barrier to Multinational Corporations - Research Paper ExampleIt is notable that virtually multinational corporations are experiencing the cross-national transfer of human resource drills in the expansive and widely spread subsidiaries. conciliatory working human resource consecrates are becoming common in most corporations across the world. This practice involves flexible working arrangements in which the employers and employees agree on the flexible way of approaching work. Multi-national corporations and companies espouse this practice to attract a wide range of skills for flexible working positions (Romer 2011). These policies enhance employees to juggle their personal lives and work, this enables workers to be able to work at their convenience in any location. This approach of doing work within this tractableness varies from different employers and employees across subsidiaries in various countries (Ester 2008). Work-life balance practices in corporations are designed to enhance employees to be able to balance their work and their commitments with other personal responsibilities (Flechl 2010). Most companies have adopted these policies because of the positive allude on the employees motivation both in the workplace and away from work. In addition, these policies are all-important(a) in conflict minimization thus influencing positively employee experience in their personal life and act at work (Batt 2003). These policies generally minimize conflicts between work and the commitments of family. Therefore, ascribing from this it can be argued that multinational companies adopt these policies to enhance employee satisfaction. As stated earlier that most companies have expanded to overseas markets opening subsidiaries and branches in that location are urgent issues to design the overall human resource system to fit into the context of these countries.

Generation Y and leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Generation Y and leadership - Assignment ExampleThe challenges atomic number 18 in addition due to the fact that the earlier genesis, the xers argon also in the office floor do it a management conundrum. The challenge of managing this mutigenerational workforce would be considered quaint when one considers the natural progression this stain leads to be an era where millennials will be called to lead other millennials. Aliases for this generation are not in short supply. They could also be referred to as the entitlement kids for the strong sense of expectation they posses. If there is one dominant perception of the millennial generation, its that these young people have great -- and sometimes outlandish expectations (Aslop, 2008). What would leadership realize when entitlement kids lead entitlement kids? Would it be a positive development or similar to the new tribal war we see in the world, outside the corporate curtain wall? One of the best ways to read the millennials is to contrast them with the prior generation x. Those born in the 1960s and 1970s up to 1982 are referred to as the generation x. They are refereed to as a generation that has always signified a group of young people, seemingly without identity, who face an uncertain, ill-defined (and perhaps hostile) future.(Ulrich, 2003). ... Sociologists will point to this as a definitive belief in leadership principles by believing in being led. The underlying reasons for this agree to Hershatter derived from groundbreaking research done in The History of Americas Future 1584 to 2069 (Strauss et al. 1992) is that A lot of the things that people perceive as problematic outcomes as the result of how Gen Xers were brocaded latch key kids, oodles of autonomy, lots of freedom, not a lot of attention to their care and well being was completely reversed with the Millennials. They were raised with positive reinforcement. Confident in them selves it was insufficient for them to know what had to be do ne? Brought up with Pokemon, Star Wars and The churchman of The Rings film trilogy they needed to know why it had to be done? Cell phones, Mp3s, and game portals were their toys qualification them addicted to technology. Fostered by social media and keypad savvy they have managed to be more connected with their parents than generations originally them as they were in control of that connectivity. Trust has been inbred them. Gaining knowledge is less of a priority than erudite the sources of knowledge. They have had to learn to trust sources of knowledge. Millennials have turned the perception that generation-to-generation youth culture self degrades. They are changing corporate culture by their liking for immediate feedback, the hunger for positive reinforcement, and the sensitivity to relationships. The above-named factors will cause corporate structures to be flatter to facilitate the required speed of communication and generation Y has the

ECommerce Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ECommerce - Coursework ExampleHere I will research about the biometrics that could be use both in hotels for room access and for online booking for Globetrotting Hotels. The main reason behind this research ground analyses is provide better management system for the Globetrotting Hotels. This analysis will provide us a rich insight into the Globetrotting Hotels new technology applianceation for the enhanced security, booking, payment and customer management.As technology evolves it brings heap of facilities regarding the better communication and management of the business. This evolution in technology has also influenced the enhanced handling in the different organizational course of action. Like that, at the present, we have automated ways for the sales, customer management, dealing handling and marketing. The advance practice of the business also requires the better security in all these areas. This narrative is about the implementation if the new technology at Globetrotting Hotels and its customer managing system. This new technology will revive the customary practice regarding the handling of the overall security and payments. Here we have also decided to implement the biometrics system that will be used in hotels for room access and for online booking for Globetrotting Hotels.The brain of the Harry Smith who wants to build up a hotel chain that is tightly associated in the structure of main(a) hotels around the world to proffer a only one of its kind resource to the on the plagiarize market for the global traveler that is looking for something different to the standard package holidays. The new hotel chain completed by the Globetrotting Hotels is aimed to provide better living, travelling and touring facilities at many levels. This new hotel chain will be an independent and a unique mix of the local independent hotels. The management of this hotel chain is aimed

Neville Chamberlain on Appeasement (1939) by Chamberlain and The Essay

Neville Chamberlain on Appeasement (1939) by Chamberlain and The Munich Agreement A Total and inexorable land by Churchill - Essay ExampleNeville Chamberlain on Appeasement (1939) by Chamberlain and the Munich Agreement A Total and Unmitigated Defeat by Sir Winston Churchill Appeasement is a diplomatic strategy that consists of pleasing the aggressor in indian lodge to avoid armed resistance. The most well-known example of appeasement is the the Munich Agreement that took place between unprogressive British vertex Minister Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler in 1938. In September 1938, Neville Chamberlain, met Adolf Hitler at his home in Berchtesgaden. Hitler sensible Chamberlain about his his intension to invade Czechoslovakia unless Britain supported Germ eachs plans to takeover the Sudetenland . After discussing the issue with the French Prime minister Edouard Daladier and Czechoslovakias head of state Eduard Benes, Chamberlain informed Hitler that his proposals could not b e acceptable. Chamberlain refusal put Adolf Hitler in a effortful situation but he exploited both Britain and France by their will against war and on the hypnotism of Italian Duce Benito Mussolini, he planed to held a four-power conference of Germany, Britain, France and Italy excluding both Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. The meeting took place in Munich on 29th September, 1938 and Chamberlain and Edouard Daladier signed the Munich Agreement. The agreement gave the right of accession of Sudetenland to Germany without Czechoslovakias will. In return, Hitler promised not to make any further territorial demands in Europe (Gado, para.1-3).

Aviation Exploratory Essay Where is really the Safest Place to Sit and

Aviation Exploratory Where is rattling the Safest break through to Sit and Why - Essay ExampleInevitably, I believe that in the event I am on a plane that crashes, I guess it really wont matter where Im sitting. So why does the model always come to my mind I have to admit I have never really set out to research the topic. It seems I fly, arrive and return safely, and like probably the majority of the population, do not consider it at any other time. We all, I believe, assume that safety is present and mastermind for granted that the likelihood that it will happen to me.I know I am not alone in this interrogative sentence. We have all heard friends and family talk about it. The front line is safest or the back or oer the wings. How do people really know And for that matter is there really any fundament on a plane that is safe. If you are 40,000 feet in the air and the plane loses power will sitting in the front seat or the last seat really make a difference I would assume proba bly not. We have all heard about the terrible plane crashes with no survivors. I look that is what probably scares us the some - the sheer number of people that are killed as a result of a single accident. When reading one of those stories, inevitably, it is mentioned that flying is safer than driving. That statistically is easy enough to determine, besides it still does not answer my question.The question that has baffled me though is where on the plane to sit. I deed over all of the possible scenarios of what could happen to run through my mind. I have just about convinced(p) myself that in the case of a plane at cruising altitude crashing, there is really not practically hope of anyone being able to survive. However, all these theories make it apparent that people do survive crashes and the events guide up to the crash must play a part in whether one survives or not. progress to offs and landings, in thinking about the question, probably would be the two main situations w here your seat placement would be most critical in the event of a crash. Logic is telling me that being in the front in a crash landing is probably the most dangerous place to be, but again that most likely depends on each individual event. However, if speaking in generalities, the back sounds like the safest place to be sitting. Take-offs have me more baffled although if the plane makes it off the ground, again, the front would probably be the most dangerous place to be sittingIf I really intend to find the answer to the question sitting here and debating with myself is going to get me no closer to finding the answer to my question. So where do I begin The low gear place that comes to my mind is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The government result that investigates all the plane crashes seems the logical place to start. I have never been to their website, and, truthfully, do not think they will have the answer to my question posted there, but reading through the page s will hopefully, present me ideas on where to look next. I have already considered the possibility of doing a general search online for planer safety, and that is what I will do if I do not find useful information or links at the FAA site. However, the thought of such a broad search will probably run me with millions of sites to sift through. Starting at a known, credible source makes more sense to me, and, if nothing else whitethorn shed some light on ways, at least, I can limit a general search. With that I am off to the FAA website. Hopefully, searching FAA will give me their link and twenty seconds later it did.The first thing I did when I arrived at the FAA home page was to look at how it was set up. some(prenominal) of the main pages look promising - Data and

Terrorism and Human Rights in Kenya Dissertation

Terrorism and Human Rights in Kenya - Dissertation ExampleThis not withstanding, terrorism is gradually emerging to be one major setback to the bulwark of human rights in Kenya. This particular has created a situation that is best described by Karanja (2003) who states that The word terrorism sends a cold chill down the backrest of every Kenyan. Indeed as far as terrorism is concerned, one attack is not subtile enough to be neglected. This is because acts of terrorism come with so much emotional and psychological traumas not to chat of physical pain and agony, loss of property and most unfortunately death of human beings. Even as these negative effects of terrorism affect humanity and more specifically residents of Kenya, one other theater of concern that has gained so much prominence and come to the table of discussion is the issue of human rights of hoi polloi in Kenya who suffer in the various events of terrorists attacks. In 1956, 1998 and 2002, Kenya suffered various deg rees of terrorist bombings of which Kenya suffered catastrophic effects. Not quite unusual, Kenya responded to these bombings with respond-terrorism. These counter terrorisms however worsened Kenyas plight especially that of ordinary citizens as their human right protection and general security came under threat. It is against this background that this research has been set off to investigate the relationship in the midst of terrorism and human rights issues in Kenya. It is against this background that this research has been set off to investigate the relationship among terrorism and human rights issues in Kenya. The research proposal shall critically analyze the evolution of human rights in Kenya, history of terrorism in Kenya,

The security threats and their strategic implications Essay

The security threats and their strategic implications - Essay ExampleAlthough the application of technology in different activities and practices in organizations is associated with a lot of benefits, there are also security threats that go hand in hand with it (Balogun and Hailey, 2004). This piece of work examines the security threats suffered by organizations that utilize social intercommunicateing networks and the strategic implications they have on the particular organizations. The essay also tries to identify the means and approaches adopted by organizations in their effort to achieve strategic change using ICTs, the key issues associated with the approaches, and practical examples of effectiveness of the ICTs in pitch about strategic change through case examples, (Coca-Cola Company Ltd.). There is a lot of relevant literature from research undertaken in this field which can help us in the understanding of this depicted object more specifically the security threats associat ed with social network applications and their implications in organizations. According to Jenny (2010), social networking is a tool that has helped organizations meet their goals for instance through the establishment of business contacts. Jenny also names the four best social networking free applications as the Fishbowl, Flexamail, Tweetdeck, and Microsoft Silverlight 4 client for Facebook. Fishbowl is an application that helps in the desegregation of social networking with the computer desktop. Flexamail on the other hand allows for easy access of different social network sites like Facebook and Twitter while Tweetdeck.

U.S. Intervention within the Nicaragua Contra War Essay

U.S. Intervention within the Nicaragua Contra War - Essay ExampleThe CIA was responsible for U.S. operations involving the contras. Aid was later done covertly under the Reagan administration. Although many Nicaraguans also opposed the Sandinistas, few of them support the contras because they focused on civilian targets and their brutality raised condemnation among the population and human rights groups (Horton 1998).The first contra groups such(prenominal) as the MILPAS were peasant militias formed by former Sandinista supporters. Formed in Honduras as the Fuerza Democratica Nicaraguense (FDN), it was headed by Enrique Bermudez, a former National Guard colonel and Jaime Irving Steidel, a Honduran-born field commander. Steidel was later replaced by Oscar Sobalvarro. In 1983, a political directorate was created under Adolfo Calero, a businessman and anti-Sandinista politician (Brown 2001).The creation of the Democratic radical Alliance (ARDE) and the Sandino Revolutionary Front heade d by Eden Pastora in 1982 in Costa Rica established a second front. The ARDE was constitute mainly of Sandinista dissidents and those who overthrew Somoza. They were primarily opposed to the increasing Cuban influence in the Managuan government. Although Pastora clearly stated his ideological difference from the FDN, he nevertheless called his campaign as the southern front to emphasise a rough-cut campaign against the Sandinistas (Brown 2001).Amerindian tribes such as the Misurasata, Sumo and Rama created a third front in 1981 against what they considered the Sandinistas genocide campaign against them. These tribes had a number of grievances against the Sandinista regime including exploitive natural resource policies which deprived ethnic groups access to their ancestral lands and their subsistence activities reserve and execution of the majority of Misurasata leaders the bombing and occupation of more than half of Miskto and Sumu villages the forced conscription of young pers on men into the army the eviction and relocation of 100,000

Libraire Gallimard Essay Example for Free

Libraire G allimard turn upWith people nowadays trying recall the meaning of their existence and the true way to give way, ace prat understand why there would be confusion among the members of society since there will, inevitably, exist differences and approaches on how to find the answers ace is looking for. Yet we go to forget the basics and focus on the outside, on the humanity and permit other people dictate how we be supposed to stand our lives and who we are supposed to be. I, on the other hand, believe that existentialism is the only way to truly live ones life.To live is to hold the reigns and refuse to let other people define how you must act. Quoting one of the passages from the book by Albert Camus entitled The Stranger With death so near, Mother must have felt like soulfulness on the brink of shrivedom, ready to start life all over again. No one, no one in the world had any right to weep for her. And I, too, felt ready to start life all over again. It wa s as if that great rush of anger had washed me clean, emptied me of hope, and, gazing up at the dark sky spangled with its signs and stars, for the firsttime, the first, I laid my heart open to the benign indifference of the universe. To feel it so like myself, indeed, so brotherly, made me realize that Id been happy, and that I was happy still. The agonist in the novel clearly demonstrates the basic idea of existentialismwhere man is free and is the author of his life and his decisions sponsor shape his destiny, personality and where his life will lead him a man who is free also asserts himself and does not conform and is against totality or the collectivity or any tendency to depersonalization. (Copleston 22). The protagonist, in the end, realized the indifference of the conception and accepted the feature that in the end, there is no meaning and letting ones compassionate (for how other people see him) control him entraps him in the label that is unhappy when in fact he wa s happy all along. With these tendencies, it is not surprising that individuals themselves forget how to live and concentrate on pleasing others by living by the terms that are imposed by other people.In the novel, The Stranger, the protagonist was on trial for the murder of a manwhat condemned him in the end was not the murder itself but for the fact that he refused to show remorse at his mothers wake, which is absurd. Yet, if we think about it, in principle, those situations tend to happen, from simple gossip of ordinary people to the accusations hurled by powerful figures in the government.People tend to model a definition of good or evil, what is socially acceptable and what is not the tendency is that people are trapped by these set definitions whereas in the total schema of things, life and the world itself is meaningless. There is no real definition since definition itself is manmade. In the end, the protagonist realized that he was happy and he was free despite the fact tha t other people have defined him as a heartless manslayer and an indifferent son.Most of us tend to take into consideration how other people see us how we fit in our society and refuse to be ostracized and be different example is the wake of the protagonists mother in the novel. In a wake of a loved one, one is expect to show remorse. If one fails to do so, one is automatically branded negatively. If one would let go of these cares and live life according to their definition, one can be happier and can truly live.What is happiness or universe alive for us will and must be defined by none other than ourselves for if we let other people set the standards for happiness and living, it is not our happiness and life but theirs. Of course, one must never see existentialism as an excuse to murder a man or commit a wrongone should always remember that even if existentialists would live life by their own definitions, these people are still principled people and answer to themselves.Works Cit edCamus, Albert. The Stranger. France Libraire Gallimard, 1943. Copleston, F. C. Existentialism. Philosophy Vol. 23, (1948) 19-37.

Greek and Norse Mythology. Essay Example for Free

Greek and Scandinavian Mythology. EssayGreek mythology and Roman mythology be almost identical. This is an accepted fact, as it is widely known that the Romans stole the Greek myths. However, it is very interesting to note that the mythology of the Vikings (Scandinavian) has galore(postnominal) similarities with the Greek myths. These myths ar, by no means, identical to the Greek ones (like the Roman ones are), but there are very distinct commonalities between the two. I see two possible reasons for this besides pure coincidence. The first has to do with the fact that Norse myths were codified during the Viking era 780 1070. This gives the Norsemen many centuries to become exposed to the Greek (or Roman) myths. The Vikings did travel as far eastside as the Caspian sea, which is further east than both Italy and Greece. The Norse myths were fashioned after the fall of the Roman empire. During the amplification of the Roman empire, the Romans were able to get all the behavior to Britain, which is farther west than the Scandinavian countries where these myths originated.The Vikings made many expeditions into Britain. So it is a very realistic thought that the Vikings could have been exposed to the stories of the Greek and Roman idols. It is besides possible that the Vikings could have extrapolated parts of the Roman stories into their own. The only two existing primary sources of Norse mythology are the Prose (Elder) Edda, and the Poetic (Younger) Edda. These were written about one thousand to eight hundred years ago respectively.The succor factor has to do with mythology as an extension of the society that fashions it. I see mythology as an attempt by a people to explain the powerful forces which affect and shape it, that are beyond its control, such as weather, the elements, and nature. I also see gods as being characters that have many similarities with the people within the society. The gods and goddesses are powerful beings capable of super-human powers, but nevertheless are characters fraught with very human frailties and flaws.In this way they created gods that had similarities with the common man in the society. This made the gods more tangible and easier to identify with. I think that this was demand because they were not yet at the societal maturity level to have a single god on a cosmic plane. Most of the comparisons will be examining the similarities between major Greek and Norse gods, as well as creatures, stories and specific symbols which are featured in the mythologies.

Project Management and Tran Essay Example for Free

Project Management and Tran EssayTran was taking his dog Callie on her evening walk as the sun began to set everywhere the coastal range. He looked forward to this time of the twenty-four hours. It was an chance to enjoy some peace and quiet. It was besides a time to review events on the Ajax work out and plot of land his bordering moves. Ajax is the code name given by CEBEX for a high-tech security carcass drop funded by the U. S. Department of Defense (DOD). Tran is the make manager and his core them consisted of 30 full-time hardware and software package engineers. Tran and his family fled he was 18 and used the education stipend to attend Washington State University.He united CEBEX upon graduating with a dual degree in mechanical and electrical engineering. After works on a variety of projects for 10 years Tran decided he wanted to enter management. He went to night trail at the University of Washington to earn an MBA. Tran became a project manager for the m no npareily. He also thought he was good at it. He enjoyed working with people and making the right thing happen. This was his fifth project and up to now he was batting. 500,with half of his projects coming ahead of schedule. Tran was eminent that he could now bear to send his oldest child to Stanford University.Ajax was one of many defense projects the CEBEX Corporation had under contract with DOD. CEBEX is a vast defense company with annual sales in excess of $30 billion and more than 120,000 employees worldwide. CEBEXs five study business areas are Aeronautics, Electronic Systems, Information Solutions, and Space Systems. Ajax was one of several rising projects sponsored by the Integrated Systems Solutions division aimed at the homeland security business. CEBEX was confident that it could leverage its technological expertise and political connections to become a major player in this growing market.Ajax was one of several projects order at designing, developing, and installi ng a security system at an important government installation. Tran had two major concerns when he started the Ajax project. The first was the technical risks inherent in the project. In theory the design principles made soul and the project used proven technology. Still the technology had never been applied in the field in this matter. From past experience, Tran knew there was a big difference between the laboratory and the real world.He also knew that integrating the audio, optical, tactile, and laser subsystems would test the patience and ingenuity of his aggroup. The second concern involved his team. The team was fairly much split down the middle between hardware and electrical engineers. Not only did these engineers take aim different skill sets and tend to look at problems differently, but generational differences between the two groups were unpatterned as well. The hardware engineers were almost all former military, family men with conservative attire and beliefs. The ele ctrical engineers were a much motlier crew.They tended to be young, single, and at times very cocky. While the hardware engineers talked about the Seattle Mariners, raising teenagers, and expiry to Palm Desert to play golf, the software engineers talked about Vapor, the latest concert at Gorge amphitheater, and exhalation mountain biking in Peru. To make matters worse, tension between these two groups within CEBEX festered around salary issues. electrical engineers were at a premium, and the hardware engineers resented the new hires salary packages, which were comparable to what they were earning after 20 years of working for CEBEX.Still the real money was to be made from the incentives associated with project performance. These were all contingent on opposition project milestones and the final completion date. Before actual work started on the project, Tran arranged a tow-day team- grounding draw at a lodge on the Olympic peninsula for his entire team as well as key staff from the government installation. He used this time to go over the major objectives of the project and unveil the basic project plan. An internal consultant facilitated several team-building activities that made light of cross-generational issues. Tran felt a real sense of camaraderie within the team.The good feelings generated from the retreat carried over to the beginning of the project. The entire team bought into the mission of the project and technical challenges it represent. Hardware and electrical engineers worked side by side to solve problems and build subsystems. The project plan was built around a series of five tests, with each test universe a more rigorous verification of total system performance. Passing each test represented a key milestone for the project. The team was excited about conducting the first Alpha test one week earlyonly to be disappointed by a series of minor technical glitches that ook two weeks of problem solving to resolve. The team worked extra hard t o make up for the lost time.Tran was proud of team and how hard members had worked together. The Alpha II test was conducted on schedule, but once again the system failed to perform. This time three weeks of debugging was needed before the team received the green light to move to the next phase of the project. By this time, team goodwill had been tested, and emotions were a bit frayed. A cloud of disappointment descended over the team as hopes of bonuses disappeared with the project falling further behind schedule.This was augmented by cynics who felt that the pilot film schedule was unfair and the deadlines were impossible to begin with. Tran responded by starting each day with a locating meeting where the team reviewed what they accomplished the previous day and set new objectives for that day. He believed these meetings were helpful in establishing positive momentum and reinforcing a team identity among the engineers. He also went out of his way to go on more time with the troo ps, helping them solve problems, offering encouragement, and a sincere pat on the moxie when one was deserved.He was cautiously optimistic when the time came to conduct the Alpha III test. It was the end of the day when the switch was turned on, but nothing happened. Within minutes the entire team heard the news. Screams could be heard down the hallway. Perhaps the most telling moment was when Tran looked down at the companys parking lot and saw most of his project team walking by themselves to their cars. As Callie follow some wild bunnies, Tran pondered what he should do next. 1. How effective has Tran been as a project manager? Explain. 2. What problem(s) does Tran slope?

Dear Phyllis Essay Example for Free

Dear Phyllis EssayIm writing to you to say goodbye. Im in the prison now. I am bad to say Ill be executed tomorrow because I escaped from the camp. I recognise you leave behind feel so sad and miserable. exclusively I hope you do not to feel similarly unhappy. Being shot is the same as letting me successfully escape that hateful camp, hateful country. However, its to be rueted that I will let my mother be alone again. Im so sorry about that I couldnt go back to Germany that I cant look after her in the future. My death will regret by her.And much to my regret let Christoph die accompany me. Phyllis, my beloved, I despaired when you decided not to go with me and had changed your mind when I met you on the highway at that night. Im not sure why my beloved so easily changed her mind. I think you have your reasons. Anyway, I think you must be anxious to know why we have been captured. We according to our plan and with two other comrades had sailed in safety across the channel. But mistaking our bearings we steered into Jersey, think that the island was the French coast.Unfortunately, we were perceived in that island, and they delivered up to the authorities. The death punishment is being taciturn for Christoph and me the sentence for two was accordingly commuted to flogging because we interceded for them when we were captured. I know I will be utter tomorrow, but I will remember you and love you forever. You are unceasingly my beloved, you all be always in my mind. At least I hope you wouldnt feel too broken heart when I die. Dont blame yourself. Forget me, live happily and well in the future. Goodbye My beloved. Love from Matthaus Tina

African American Contributions to American History Essay Example for Free

African American Contri hardlyions to American History EssayMany b leave outs contri scarcelyed to the success of our country in every state of war that we as a sight need ever fought. In mark to veraciously thank them for their heroic effort, I as a Hispanic Caucasian must give credit where credit is due. In order to properly do so, I must begin with the contri barelyions of dismal America beginning with the American mutation and continue up until the World War II. Make no mistake dumbamoors make contributions salutary by World War II, but in the interest of time and accuracy I must preventative within the confines of our earlier history. One main aspect that should be analyzed is the fact that no matter how hard the spit out, drabs have always over aim adversity no matter what the cost. Of course, contributions do by benighteds are non limited to war alone, but include a wide spectrum of achievework forcets that have ripe civilization as a whole. My personal r espect and thanks go to either people who have served and continue to serve this country at any expertness. But we must never forget the contributions make by our black brothers and sisters who gave their lives fighting for a cause that so greatly affected their lives as well as our well being.Charles Dickens said it best in his book A Tale of 2 Cities, It was the best of times it was the worst of times. The American Revolution was a time of great struggle for people of all consorts. But, Blacks in particular understood the literal meaning of nationalist rhetoric, eagerly took up the cause of American exemption, fighting bravely in the early confrontations with the British. Though the vicissitude freed some blacks and dress up the country on a course toward the abolition of slavery, political accommodation to plantation owners forestalled emancipation for numerous blacks in the south for 90 more long time.A black man was one of the first martyrs of the patriot cause. Crispu s Attucks, apparently a slave who had run away from his owner 20 years before, died in the capital of Massachusetts Massacre in 1770. Though facts were dis vested at trials then as now, witnesses said Attucks hit a British officer with a large piece of firewood, grabbed a bayonet and urged the crowd to attack unless before the British fired. Attucks and two others were killed while eight were wounded, two mortally. Blacks served at the battles of Lexington and Concord.Peter Salem, a freed slave, stood on the green at Lexington facing the British when the first battle broke out with the shot that was comprehend around the origination. One of the last hands wounded in the battle as the British fly to Boston was Prince Estabrook, a black man from West Lexington. At least 20 blacks, including Peter Salem, were in the ranks two months later when the British attacked an American position outside Boston in the Battle of bunker Hill. Salem has been honored for firing the shot that kil led Major John Pitcairn, the British officer who led the Redcoats when they had attacked his subatomic unit at Lexington.Unable to venture outside Boston and then be with cannon meet the city, the British left Boston for vernal York. As the war changed from a Massachusetts endeavor to a broader involvement throughout the colonies, the politics of race changed dramatically. Blacks had been welcomed in the New England militia, but Congress initially unflinching against having them in the Continental armament. Congress necessitate support from the South if all the colonies were to win their independence from England. Since southerly plantation owners wanted to keep their slaves, they were afraid to give guns to blacks.Congress ordered all blacks removed from the army, but black veterans appealed directly to George Washington, who took up their cause with John Hancock, president of the Continental Congress. Blacks serving in the army were allowed to stay, but new enlistments wer e forbidden. Though the Declaration of Independence declared that all men were created equal, many an(prenominal) blacks soon saw more opportunity on the British side. The British governor of Virginia promised immediate freedom and requital to any slave who would join the Kings army.Hundreds flocked to the standard of the governor, Lord Dunmore, but he was denied a base on the land by the American forces and many of the blacks who joined him died of smallpox on overcrowded ships. The loyalty of blacks was a proficient issue for the American top offers because blacks do up one-fifth of the two million people in the colonies. With the British soldiers already outnumbering the American military man, and recruitment tight for the patriots, the northern colonies soon again began to enlist blacks. Rhode Island made up a regiment almost entirely of blacks.As the war continued, colonies as far south as Maryland and Virginia were recruiting free blacks for the American cause. As the war spread into the South, Congress found it needed to recruit slaves. It offered to pay South Carolina slave owners $1,000 for able-bodied male slaves. The slaves would receive no pay, but would be given $50 and their freedom at the end of the war if they served well and faith to the full. The South Carolina Assembly threatened to leave the war, dooming the plan in the southernmost colonies. Recruitment of blacks to the American causecontinued further north, but the patriots had less success than the British. The offer of immediate freedom extended by Virginias unfortunate loyalist governor was eventually made by the British throughout the colonies. Slaves joined the British by the tens of thousands. The mickle of the loyalist blacks varied considerably. both(prenominal) were captured by Americans and either returned to their masters or treated as war loot and sold back into slavery. Approximately 20,000 were with the British at the end of the war, taken to Canada or the Caribbe an. Some became the founders of the British colony of Sierra Leone in West Africa.Even though the British offered slaves a weaken deal, many blacks served on the American side. They made up a sizeable share of the men in the Continental navy, state navies and the large force of American privateers. Blacks had long been in the labor force on ships and at seaports. On the water, then as now, skill counted for more than politics. The precise role of blacks in the revolution is difficult to quantify. Blacks in those days generally did not write. The people who did write early histories of the revolution were uninfecteds and operose on the efforts of color men.Also, many participants in the revolution were not specifically identified by race in the documents of the time and historians now have no way of knowing whether they were black. When blacks were allowed to serve in the American military, they often did decease as laborers, sometimes in addition to regular soldier duties. Usua lly they were privates, though a few rose to command small groups of men. The words of the Declaration of Independence were taken literally by blacks and some whites. In, 1780, Pennsylvania became the first colony to pass a law phasing out slavery.Children innate(p) to slaves after that date were granted their freedom when they reached 28. Other northern states followed. The Superior Court of Massachusetts held in 1783 that slavery violated the state constitution, and New Hampshire similarly ended slavery by a motor lodge ruling. Vermont outlawed slavery and Connecticut and Rhode Island passed gradual emancipation laws. New York outlawed slavery in 1799 and New Jersey followed in 1804. The international slave trade was outlawed in 1808. Progress then came to a stop. A boom in cotton production spread the slave economy into the lower disseminated multiple sclerosis Valley.Slave states were careful to control at least half the political power in the federal official government, blo cking any national movement against slavery until the Civil War. The 54th Massachusetts command On January 1, 1863, chairman Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing the slaves in the rebelling territories of the confederacy and authorizing Black enlistment in the confederation Army. Since the beginning of the Civil War, free Black people in general, and Black Bostonians in particular, were ready to hit arms on behalf of the Union, yet they were prevented from doing so.Popular racial stereotypes and institutional discrimination against Blacks in the military contributed to the prevalent myth that Black men lacked the intelligence and bravery necessary to serve their country. By the fall of 1862, however, the lack of White Union enlistment and confederate victories at Antietem forced the U. S. government to reconsider its racist policy. As Congress met in October to address the issue of Black enlistment, various troops of Black volunteers had already been o rganised, including the firstly South Carolina and the Kansas Colored Troops.It wasnt until January 26, 1863 however, that secretary of war Edwin Stanton authorized the enlistment of Black troops. As a result, the 54th Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer infantry was founded, becoming the first all-Black Union regiment raised in the north. teaching began for Black volunteers at Camp Meigs in Reedville, MA on February 21, 1863. Although some members of the companionship voiced underground to the prevention of Black men from achieving the rank of colonel or officer, most community activists urged Black men to claim the opportunity to serve in the Union forces.The fear many Black volunteers had about the potential racism of White officers and colonels was calmed when Massachusetts regulator John Andrew assured Bostonians that White officers assigned to the 54th Regiment would be youthful men of military experience, of firm anti-slavery principles, ambitious, superior to a vulgar contempt for color, and having faith in the capacity of colored men for military service. Andrew held to his word, appointing 25-year-old Robert Gould Shaw as colonel and George P. Hallowell as Lieutenant.The son of wealthy abolitionists, Shaw had been educated in atomic number 63 and at Harvard before joining the seventh New York National Guard in 1861. In 1862, when Governor Andrew contacted Shaws father about the prospect of commissioning his son as colonel of the soon-to-be organized fifty-fourth, Shaw was an officer in the southward Massachusetts Infantry. Although reluctant to accept the commission, Shaw eventually became colonel. By the time training began at Camp Meigs, Shaw and his officers began work with the soldiers whose bravery would forever change public perception of Black military skill and valor.Black community leaders across the country such as Frederick Douglass and William Wells Brown served as recruiting agents for the Union army. As a result, over 1000 volu nteers enlisted in the 54th Regiment, a response so overwhelming that Massachusetts organized a second Black regiment, the fifty-fifth. Men of the fifty-fourth represented twenty-four states, the District of Columbia, the West Indies, and Africa. Approximately 25% of them had been slaves, over 50% were literate, and, although as civilians they had worked in forty-six different occupations, the overwhelming majorities (55%) were common laborers.Regardless of origin, occupation, or social class, the men of the 54th Regiment both inspired Bostons Black community and provided a symbol of assumption for abolitionists across the country. Activists such as William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass visited Camp Meigs to show their support. Although the organization of the 54th Regiment resolved the conflict over Black enlistment in the Union army, the struggle of Black soldiers to gain respect in the military was scarcely beginning.Upon arrival in the south, the Black soldiers were of ten treated as common laborers and the potential for their valor on the battlefield was dis asked. Upon arriving in Georgia on June 11, they were ordered by Col. James capital of Alabama of the Department of the South to raid the town of Darien. Reports of Black soldiers burning buildings and ravaging the homes of townspeople confirmed stereotypes of Black soldiers as un-trainable brutes. Col. Shaw found the raid on Darien barbarous and distasteful, and sent a letter to Brigadier normal George C.Strong, requesting that the men be used in the planned attack on fort Wagner, South Carolina. On July 16, the 54th Regiment fought alongside White soldiers of the 10th Connecticut Infantry in a skirmish on James Island, SC. This battle redeemed the Black soldiers fighting ability in the eyes of White skeptics, including widely distributed Strong, who commanded the 54th Regiment to lead the assault on Fort Wagner, scheduled for July 18. Strategically, a successful attack on Fort Wagner woul d allow Union forces to seize control of Charleston Harbor. Located on Morris Island, Fort Wagner defend Battery Gregg overlooking Fort Sumter.Thus, seizure of Fort Wagner was valuable because it enabled the Union to shell Sumter and close the breastfeed to confederate blockade runners, thereby paving the way for further Union attack on Charleston. Fort Wagner was located at the northern tip of Morris Island, and was controlled by 1700 troops and 17 artillery guns. Depleted to just over 600 men by the skirmish two days previous, the men of the 54th Regiment were ordered to lead the assault on Fort Wagner with the backing of regiments from New York, Connecticut, Maine, and Pennsylvania.Before the charge commenced, Colonel Shaw ordered the regiment to found yourselves as men. Within 200 feet of the Fort, the confederates began to attack as the brave men of the 54th Regiment struggled through darkness, four-foot recently water, and marshland. Colonel Shaw, accompanied by dwindling numbers of dying men, managed to reach the top of the parapet where a thorniness hand-to-hand rubbish ensued, the Black Union soldiers with bayonets against the White Confederate soldiers with handspikes and gun rammers.Colonel Shaw was mortally wounded with a pierce through the heart, along with a dozen of his men. Meanwhile, members of the 54th Regiment some wounded, some dying began to drop off those who refused to back down were taken prisoner. As the smoke cleared, evidence of Confederate victory was immediately apparent, with 174 grow casualties and 1515 Union soldiers dead or wounded. Of the eleven regiments who participated in the Union assault, the fifty-forth Regiment accrued the most casualties, with 256 of their 600 men dead or wounded.Despite the heavy losses, the assault on Fort Wagner proved to the nation and the foundation the valor of Black soldiers in general and the men of the 54th Regiment in particular. From the ranks of the fifty-forth came stories of u nfailing patriotism and undying glory. The men of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, their White officers, colonel, and allies, not only struck a blow for American freedom and unity, they also proved to the nation and the world the valor, bravery, and devotion of African American soldiers. In the sacrifice made by Col.Shaw and his soldiers, Americans witnessed, for the first time, the supremacy of equality over racism, discrimination, and ignorance. Upon his death at Fort Wagner, the body of Col. Shaw was set in a mass grave on Morris Island along with the bodies of his soldiers. The lack of proper military burial for a man who had distinguished himself as a soldier and as a leader was intend to insult the honor of Shaw and his family, who were deemed as race traitors by Confederates and White unionists alike.However, upon learning that his son had been buried with his black soldiers, Francis Shaw stated, with dignity, that We hold that a soldiers most appropriate burial place is on the field where he has fallen. This narration and the honor displayed by the Shaw family and veterans of the fifty-fourth helped immortalize Shaw and his men as symbols of the Civil War battle for unity and equality. As a result of the 54th Regiment, over 180,000 Black men enlisted under the Union flag between 1863 and 1865. African AMERICAN MILITARY SERVICE from WWI through WWII.During the global conflicts of the first half of the 20th century, U. S. servicemen fought in atomic number 63 for the first time in the nations history. African Americans were among the troops committed to combat in World War I (WWI) and World War II (WWII), even though they and other black Americans were denied the full blessings of the freedom for which the linked States had pledged to fight. Traditional racist views about the use of black troops in combat initially excluded African Americans from the early recruiting efforts and much of the actual combat in both wars.Nonetheless, large numbers of Af rican Americans muted volunteered to fight for their country in 1917-18 and 1940-45. Once again, many black servicemen hoped their military contribution and sacrifice would prove to their white countrymen that African Americans desired and deserved a fully participatory role in U. S. society. Unfortunately, the deeply entrenched negative racial attitudes prevalent among much of the white American population, including many of the nations top military and civilian leaders, made it very difficult for blacks to serve in the military establishment of this period.African-American servicemen suffered numerous indignities and received little respect from white troops and civilians alike. The historic contributions by blacks to the defense of the United States were usually ignored or downplayed, while combat failures similar to those of whites and violent racial incidents often provoked by whites were exaggerated into a condemnation of all African Americans. In the Jim Crow world of pre-19 45 America, black servicemen confronted not only the hostility of enemies abroad but that of enemies at home.African-American soldiers and sailors had two formidable obstacles to deal with discrimination and segregation. Yet, black servicemen in both world wars repeatedly demonstrated their bravery, loyalty, and ability in combat or in support of frontline troops. Oftentimes, they accomplished these tasks without proper training or adequate equipment. Poor communications and a lack of rapport with their white officers were two additional burdens hampering the effectiveness and efficiency of African Americans in the military.Too frequently, there was little or no recognition or gratitude for their accomplishments. One of the worst slights of both wars was the willingness of the white establishment to allow racism to figure out the award of the prestigious Medal of Honor. Although several exceptionally heroic African Americans performed deeds worthy of this honor, not one received at the time the award that their bravery and self-sacrifice deserved.It took over 70 years for the United States to rectify this error for WWI and over 50 years for WWII. Despite the hardships and second-class status, their participation in both wars helped to transform many African-American veterans as well as helped to eventually change the United States. Though still limited by discrimination and segregation at home, their sojourn in europium during WWI and WWII made many black servicemen aware that the racial attitudes so common among white Americans did not entertain everywhere else.The knowledge that skin color did not preclude dignity and respect made many black veterans unwilling to submit quietly to continuing racial discrimination once they returned to the United States. In addition, the growing importance of black votes beginning in the 1930s and 1940s forced the nations political and military leaders to pay more attention to African Americans demands, particularly in reg ard to the military. Although it was a tedious and frustrating process, one too often marked by cosmetic changes sort of than real reform, by the end of WWII, the U.S. military establishment slowly began to make some headway against racial discrimination and segregation within its ranks. The stage was set for President Harry S Trumans frontier executive order of 26 July 1948. Another main contribution of note would be the trails and tribulations of the Tuskegee Airmen. In the 1940s, it was still believed that Blacks were incapable of flying aircraft. This myth was dispelled with the help of the U. S. Congress. On June 27, 1939 THE CIVILIAN PILOT TRAINING ACT was passed.This solitary(a) ACT helped to create a reserve of civilian pilots to be called in case of War. Young black pilots were given the opportunity to train with U. S. approved programs located at TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE. The SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT OF 1940 also increased the opportunity for a broader participation of Blacks i n the military when it banned discrimination in the pick and training of all American citizens because of race and color. The success of the CIVILIAN PILOT TRAINING ACT helped put the 99TH PURSUIT SQUADRON OF TUSKEGEE on the map.It was said that the success of Negro youth in the Army Air armament would be predicated upon the success of the Tuskegee Experiment. HBOs docudrama, THE TUSKEGEE assembly lineMEN, is a good depiction of this era of Black Americans seeking acceptance as military pilots. Because of the opportunity provided by the Civilian Pilot Training Act, the number of Blacks in the ARMY AIR FORCE jumped from 2,250 in 1941 to over 145,000 by 1944. The two major groups to see combat as AAF men were the 99TH PURSUIT SQUADRON and the 332ND FIGHTER GROUP.Out of the 332nd Group came the 100th, 301st, and 302nd Squadrons under the command of Lieutenant Colonel BENJAMIN O. DAVIS, SR. , who became Americas depression AFRICAN AMERICAN GENERAL on October 25, 1940. By 1944, the 99th was added to the 332nd and participated in campaigns in Sicily, Rome, and Romania. The 99th and 332nd earned many place UNIT CITATIONS. These historical examples are but a small sample of the many great contributions and sacrifices made by black people in order to secure freedom and prosperity for this great nation.We owe them a debt than can never be fully repaid. If anything these great contributions should curtail any negative or racial thoughts toward such a magnanimous people. You would think that with all that has transpired throughout history, that we as a people could live and coexist unitedly with peace and harmony. My only hope is that with time people will come to realize that we are all not that different from one another and that we can thrive together for a better future for all of us.

Existentialism 7a.4 Themes Essay Example for Free

empiric philosophical system 7a.4 Themes EssayAfter reading this unit you will be able to Understand the concept of existentialism. Explain features of existentialism. Identify the exponents of existentialism their views. Deliberate on some themes in existentialism. Describe the reproductional philosophical system of existentialism. 7A. 1INTRODUCTION existential ism is a way of philosophizing that may lead those who scoop it to a different conviction ab knocked out(p) the world and military personnels carriage in it. Existentialism is mainly a European philosophy that originated before the turn of the twentieth century, but became popular aft(prenominal) World War II (1939 45). The seeds of existentialism may be traced back to an earlier period of the archives of philosophy. During the 18th century reason and nature were given more importance, objectivity was very more than emphasized, lead story to industrial and technological usings and science was given ut a bout importance. From the scientific viewpoint, populace was also regarded as an object. valet de chambre became a slave to machines in developing industrial society. Against this federal agency existentialism emerged as a procl shoot against the society and asserted the supremacy of identicalness of valet.The existentialist philosopher philosophy is non a creation of any(prenominal) single philosopher. The existentialist writings scattered in the works of many philosophers, the intending(a) ones of which argon Friedrich Nietzsche, Soren Kierkegaard, Gabriel Marcel, Martin Heidegger, blue jean Paul Sartre, Karl Jaspers, Abbagnamo, Bardyaev and Albert Camus etc. In American training, such(prenominal) people as Maxine Greene, George Kneeler, and Van Cleve Morris, are well-known(a) existentialists who stress individualism and mortalal self-fulfillment. 7A. 2FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 1.Existence precedes Essence This philosophy get under ones skins from man, but from man as existent (CURRENT, Present, existing) rather than man as a thinking field of operation, having a definite nature or essence. A man first exists, encounters himself, and defines himself afterwards. Existence comes before man is set with value or essence. It is be endeavour to begin with man is vigour, has no essence, he will be what he makes of himself. Man defines himself in his own subjectiveness (Bias, Partiality), and wanders (Walks) between prime(a), step downdom, and existential angst (Sorrow, Trouble).Existentialism often is associated with anxiety, dread, awareness of death, and freedom. 2. Importance of Subjectivity The Danish philosopher S Kierkegaard has verbalize that honor is subjective (Personal, Individual), truth is subjectivity objectivity and abstraction (Concept, universalization, idea) are h solelyucinations. (Vision). Existentialism is the philosophy of subject rather than of the object. Each individual by probing into the depths of ones subjectivity can arrive at the truth of ones creation and discover his authentic office staff in life. This is a yeasty process which gives trick out to fresh insights.3. Mans Freedom The basic feature of human person is his freedom unfettered and unrestrained. Society and cordial institutions are for the sake of man and not vice versa, as believed by idealists and others. There is no general will to which the individual will is subject. 4. Criticism of Idealism Existentialism has emerged and developed as a reaction against idealism. Existentialist philosophers are highly critical of idealism and conceptualism. They pink idealists contention about universal element and mans good being subject to general good.They regard the search for essence a mistaken pursuit and gibe to them it is not the essence but human race which is real. 5. Criticism of Naturalism The existentialist philosophers are also critical of the philosophy of Naturalism. According to naturalists, life is subject to physico bio chemical laws, which in turn, are subject to the universal law of causation. compassionate acts are mechanical as the actions of an animal. This, however, is anathema to the existentialists and they stoutly defend the freedom of man. As a intimacy of fact, man is so free, according to J.P.Sartre, that he is fearful of his freedom. 6. Criticism of Scientific Culture With tremendous emanation in science and technology, rapid industrialization and urbanization establish taken organise. This has given rise to move towns in which individual is lost. Everything is done or happens on a large scale and all own(prenominal) values, individual likes and dislikes are altogether lost sight of. Today, it is not the individual who chooses his end rather all decisions are made by computer or statistical laws and data. Thus, science has made the value of man negligible.This is why the existentialists are opposed to scientific philosophy and culture. 7. Attention on Human Weakness and surety In this scientific life of today, the individual is leading a life of tension, worries, frustrations, fear and sense of guilt. His individuality is getting continually blundered, therefore for security of individuality the individual should be given an milieu free of worries, anxieties and tension. Thus, existentialism is a philosophical movement that is generally considered a topic that pursues meaning in existence and seeks value for the existing individual.It, unlike other fields of philosophy, does not treat the individual as a concept, and values individual subjectivity over objectivity. As a result, questions regarding the meaning of life and subjective determine are seen as being of paramount importance, above all other scientific and philosophical pursuits. consort your progress 1 1. What is meant by existentialism? 2. What were the consequences of industrial developments? 3. conduct out existentialists criticism against idealism and naturalism. 4. Discuss importance of subjectivity and human freedom in terms of existentialism. 5. Existence precedes essence. Do you agree?Justify your answer. 7A. 3CHIEF EXPONENTS OF EXISTENTIALISM Soren Kierkegaard (1813 1855) is regarded as the father of upstart existentialism and is the first European Philosopher who bears the existentialist label. In his view, subjectivity and intensity should be priced as the criteria of truth and genuineness. We touch reality in bad moments of existence especially moments of painful decision. These moments are characterized by deep anxiety, and life is known in such moments and cannot be reduced to just system of ideas. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 1900) is regarded as a key figure in the rise of existentialism.According to him Christianity is to be overcome by putting in its place the doctrine of Superman, that is, man especial(a) himself. Martin Heidegger (1889 1976) in his book Being and Time, gave a very impressive analysis of human existence, the prominenc e of the important themes of existentialism like care, anxiety, guilt and above all death is brought out here. Jean Paul Sarte hard-pressed that mans existence precedes his essence. Man is nothing else but what he draw a bead ons, he exists only in so far as he assimilates himself, he is therefore nothing else but the sum of his actions, nothing else but what his life is. 7A. 4SOME RECURRING THEMES IN EXISTENTIALISM Themes such as freedom, decision, and responsibility are outstanding in all existentialist philosophers. These matters constitute the core of personal being. It is the exercise of freedom and the ability to design the future that distinguishes man from all other beings that we know on earth. It is through free and responsible decisions that man becomes authentically himself. Another group of recurring existentialist themes accepts such topics as finitude, guilt, alienation, despair, moods, changing feelings, emotional life of man and death.Discussions of these ha ve not been prominent in traditional philosophy, yet they are discussed at space in existentialism. For the existentialist man is never just part of the cosmos but always stands to it in a relationship of tension with possibilities for tragic conflict. Check your progress 2 1. Name some of the existentialists. 2. Bring out the views of Sartre and Nietzsche. 3. Which are the most frequently repeated themes in existentialism. 4. Write 10 sentences about the philosophy of existentialism in your words. 7A. 5EDUCATIIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENTIALISM The object of education is to give man the unity of truth In the field of education the contribution of existentialism is as follows The aim of pedagogy Existentialists believe that the most important kind of knowledge is about the human condition and the choices that distributively person has to make, and that education is a process of developing consciousness about the freedom to choose and the meaning of responsibility for ones choi ces. Hence, the notion of group norms, authority, and established order social, political, philosophical, religious, and so on are rejected.The existentialists recognize few standards, impost to traditions, or eternal truths in this respect, existentialism is at odds with the ideas of idealism and realism. Total Development The existentialists have aimed at total development of personality through education. Education should aim at the whole man. It should aim at character formation and self realization. In the existentialist nurtureroom, subject matter takes second place to upholding the educatees understand and appreciate themselves as unique individuals who accept complete responsibility for their thoughts, feelings, and actions.Since feeling is not divorced from reason in decision making, the existentialist demands the education of the whole person, not just the mind. inborn Knowledge The present age of science has made too much of prey knowledge, so much so, that th e term has come to mean unreal, non-sense, ignorant and irrelevant. The existentialists salutaryly, point out that subjective knowledge is even more important than nonsubjective knowledge. They rightly hold that truth is subjectivity. It is a human value and values are not facts.Reduction of values to facts has led to widespread loss of opinion in values. Therefore, along with the commandment of science and mathematics, the humanities, art, literature should be also be given suitable place in platform at every stage of education. Most of the ills of the modern man are due to over objective attitude. This requires a subjectivist correction in the light of existentialist ideas. Importance of Environment The present industrial, economic, political and social environs is valueless. Therefore, it helps confusion and corruption, tensions and conflicts.The existentialists seek to provide an environment proper to self development and self consciousness. This environment in the sch ool requires contribution from humanities, arts and literature. These will help in the development of individuality in the educand so that he may cease to become a cog in the social wheel. kind of he should develop to a self conscious and sensitive individual. Child Centred Education Existentialist education is child centred. It gives full freedom to the child. The teacher should help the child to know himself and recognize his being.Freedom is postulate for natural development. Education should convert imperfection into perfection. Education should be according to the individuals necessarily and abilities of the child. The relation of the child to himself should be strengthened by education. Curriculum Existentialists prefer to free learners to choose what to study and also determine what is true and by what criteria to determine these truths. The curriculum would avoid systematic knowledge or structured disciplines, and the students would be free to select from many availa ble learning situations.The learners would choose the knowledge they proclivity to possess. The humanities are commonly given tremendous emphasis. They are explored as a means of providing students with vicarious experiences that will help unleash their own creativity and self expression. For example, rather than emphasizing historical events, existentialists contract upon the actions of historical individuals, each of whom provides possible models for the students own behaviour. Existentialists approach to education is almost an anastrophe of the realist approach.In the field of curriculum while the realists exclusively emphasize science, the existentialists find out that science and objective education severs our relation with ourselves. Science cannot help in inside realization and achievement of peace. This, however, does not mean that science education should be ignored. It only means besides science the curriculum must include humanities, ethical motive and religion. In k eeping with this viewpoint contemporary engineering colleges have included some philosophy, ethics and social studies, in their curriculum.Without this synthetic approach to curriculum the aim of character formation and personality development will be defeated. breeding Experiences An existentialist curriculum would consist of experiences and subjects that lend themselves to philosophical dialogue and acts of choice making. Because the choice is personal and subjective, subjects that are emotional, aesthetic and philosophical are appropriate. Literature, drama, film making, art, and so on, are important, because, they present the human condition and choice making conditions.The curriculum would stress self expressive activities, experimentation, and media that illustrate emotions, feelings and insights. The classroom would be rich in materials that lend themselves to self expression, and the school would be a place in which the teacher and students could pursue dialogue and di scussion about their lives and choices. The Teacher According to the existentialists the teacher creates an educational situation in which the student may establish contact with himself, become conscious of it and achieve self realization. This requires existential approach in the teacher himself.He should also have an experience of self realization so that he may be capable of guiding the students in this process. The teachers role is to help students define their own essence by exposing them to various paths they may take in life and creating an environment in which they may freely choose their own preferred way. Existentialist methods focus on the individual. Learning is self-paced, self directed, and includes a great deal of individual contact with the teacher, who relates to each student openly and honestly. The student The student should feel completely free for realizing his self.Under the guidance of the teacher, the student should try to realize his self through introve rsion. The student accepts the discipline prescribed by the teacher and does not become irresponsible. The purpose of freedom given to him should be to enable him to effect the full development of his individuality. spiritual and Moral Education The existentialists particularly lay emphasis upon religion and moral education. Religion allows a person to develop himself. Religious education gives him an understanding of his existence in the cosmos. It shows the religious path of self realization.It also makes him capable of utilizing faith in self development. Moral education is closely related to religious education. Both develop the inner self and help in the realization of the infinite within the finite. 7A. 6CRITICAL EVLAUATION Some critics (mainly traditionalists or Conservatives) claim that existentialism as philosophy for the schools has limited application because education in our society, and in most other modern societies, involves institutionalized learning and socializ ation, which require group instruction, restriction on individual behaviour and bureaucratic organization. educate is a process that limits students freedom and that is based on adult authority and on the norms and beliefs of the mass or common culture. The individual existentialist, exerting his or her will and choice will encounter difficulty in school and in other large, formal organizations. Check your progress 3 1. What is the role of teacher and the student according to the existentialist? 2. Bring out the importance of learning experiences in teaching learning process. 3.What is the aim of education according to the existentialist? 4. What kind of curriculum do the existentialist recommend? 5. Bring out the importance of existentialism in todays education system. Illustrate your answer. 6. Critically evaluate existentialist general and educational philosophy. 7A. 7SUMMARY Philosophy and education are two sides of the same coin, and thus different philosophies bring out a different facet of education and as education can change the philosophy of man and his life.Existentialism as a philosophical idea was revolutionary, dynamic and passionate, it changed the way of thinking and brought to forefront the cause of individualism. Moreover its views on education may seem dramatic but taken in right sense and moderation is necessary in todays materialistic society. In this unit, we have seen the philosophy of existentialism, the criticism of them prevailing traditional rigid systems. The philosophy of existentialism brought man, his existence, his emotions and his subjectivity into forefront, they were forerunners of individualism and uniqueness of each man.The views of various exponents of existentialism and the themes they brought out makes their philosophy better understood. The philosophy of education of existentialism speaks about aims, curriculum, the role of teacher, method of teaching, learning experiences and religious and moral education. Referen ces Macquarrie, J. (1968) Existenatialism, Pelican Book. Chaube S. P. Chaube A. (1996) Foundations of Education, Publishing House, New Delhi. Chandra S. S. Sharma R. K. (2004) Philosophy of Education, Atlantic Publishers.

Merger between EnviroTech an InterClean Essay Example for Free

Merger between EnviroTech an InterClean Essay primary of all, I would like to come to the time to say thank you to to each(prenominal) one one of you for your outstanding efforts, it has been rattling enjoyable to work alongside with each of you in contributing to the success of InterClean. You are all healthful aware of the strategic croakment as announced by David Spencer is very near on the horizon. As this merger between InterClean and EnviroTech begins to unfurl I fore get that each of you allow control a central role to play in making the transition as smooth as possible. As managers it is our obligation to show our fellow co-workers and new team members why we have been successful. It is important to welcome the employees link us from EnviroTech. The incoming employees from EnviroTech bring vast experience and proven track record that will help to move us in the direction we want to go. Combining two companies together is no easy parturiency and this new endea vor will be challenging. Each individual will need to present his or herself in a positive manner. The main objective is to be positive about the changes that will take place. Also everyone shall commit to learning the new concept of full-service solutions packages (University of capital of Arizona, Week One Supplement, 2010).I urge each of you to be open to share your ideas as well as receive ideas from all of your team members, aged(prenominal) and new. Keep in mind that this new concept will not be immediately rock-solid it will take, several tries an adjusting to create the best package to suit each of our clients. I am sure that most of you are not feeling comfortable with the upcoming transition and that is understandable. However, I a make up urge you to see the potential this acquisition can bring. The growth potential globally is enormous and you can each have a part to make it happen. Each of you will have an impact on your workers, and how each of you finalize to carr y yourself can either promote or bring piling morale. Iinspire each of you to press forward and lead your teams. You are all more than capable to produce results, so teach your teams to produce even better results. I would also like to go over a few other important matters.These involve human resource step ups because of the diverse work force we will gain by this merger. Obviously each of you will have several if not numerous new members joining your teams. It is very important and I cannot stress it enough just how important it is that you treat every employee the same. You cannot esteem or give preference to the current InterClean employees over the incoming EnviroTech employees. Please exercise good impression when addressing each newly acquired employee. Also when making selections for your teams an initially assigning tasks I suggest you seek enter from myself, Carol our internal consultant, and the HR department. If you have any concerns please bring it to my attention immediately as well as to Carol and human resources. Be certain that the issue or concern is clean-cut up before moving forward. It is in the best interest of the company and for each of you to create an glory that is warm, thriving yet peaceful, non-hostile, and safe. We all need to value diversity and as Cascio put it to manage diversity, on that point is no room for inflexibility and intolerance-displace them with adaptability and acceptance (Cascio 2006, p. 125).Furthermore we will all be attending a full-day seminar on reengineering at Leeward Community College, please mark your calendars for Wednesday, December 1. I will range out a reminder along with the pertinent seminar information. If you are unable to make it on Wednesday, you will need to attend the Tuesday session, so let me know as soon as possible so I can make the change for you. I know you are all thinking, What is reengineering? Reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and total redesign of business proces ses to chance upon dramatic improvements in cost, quality, and speed (Cascio 2006, p. 18). I also strongly pep up that each of you sign up for the management training sessions that HR is setting up. Immediately share and burble with your workers about attending the new product and sales training sessions.Go ahead and schedule your teams with HR to ensure everyone can be properly accommodated as quickly as possible. You should also encourage meshing in the ongoing HR seminars that cover topics such as developing skill in departure resolution and effective communication. As always you are free to come and discuss any issue orconcern that you may have with me. I am more than willing to sit down with each of you and listen to what you have to say. So please do not hesitate I am here for each of you and want to continue working alongside with each you and your teams. I am shiny that going forward we will all embrace the upcoming changes and challenges facing us. Together we can ach ieve the desired results to move InterClean closer to our strategic direction of global expansion.ReferencesCascio, W. F. (2006). Managing Human Resources Productivity, quality of work life, profits. Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook Collection database University of Phoenix (2010) Week One Supplement InterClean-EnviroTech Merger Scenario Retrieved from University of Phoenix HRM/531-Course Website

According to Seamus Deane Essay Example for Free

According to Seamus Deane leavenAccording to Seamus Deane, Translations is a play about the tragedy of English Imperialism. How far would you agree with this statement in relation to both Translations and Heart of Darkness? INTRO Although the location, language and structure of Brian Friels Translations differs unmistakably from that of Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, the return of colonisation cadaver central to both.While the supposed sophistication of civilised colonists is deconstructed in Conrads novella to endanger mans common darkness, Friels play deals with the ways in which the consciousness of an entire culture is fractured by the transcription of star landscape (Gaelic, classical and traditional) for another (Anglo-Saxon, progressive and Imperialistic). 1 Friel uses the apparently passive plotting of an Ordnance Survey function to emphasise the loss of indigenous Irish tradition, social history and heritage felt by the natives of County Donegal in Ireland.The translation of the short letter- breaks automatically eliminates the secrets buried within the certain name it distorts rather than restores the ontological nature of the place-name. Friel uses Owen to waylay the Imperialist outlook on standardisation during his battle with Yolland over Tobair Vree He begins a long give-and-take on how Tobair Vree came to acquire its name, identifying a well that once existed nearby and has long since dried up, with Vree an erosion of the Irish Brian.He then asks Yolland do we keep piety with a man long dead, long forgotten, his name eroded beyond recognition, whose trivial little story nobody in the parish remembers? til now as he attempts to demonstrate the invalidity of Tobair Vree as rightful place-name by dint of its seemingly illogical associations, Owen contradicts his own argument. The reality that Owen himself remembers the record behind the name reinstates the fact that as insignificant as this narrative may be to him, it remains t he carrier of history and memories, both public and private.The name not except retells the anecdote which defined Brians Well, simply overly evokes Owens memories of his grandfather. The Irish place-names had developed into historical, cultural and social storehouses through their varied associations and values. The reduction of such ontological knowledge to an epistemological referent through colonial dispossession therefore reduces individuality in an eviction of sorts. 2 The destructive force of English Imperialism is echoed in Conrads Heart of Darkness and is revealed to us through Marlows portraying of the Africans he encounters and the treatment they are subject to.Forced to work under the conditions of European mechanical labour, the natives acquired expressions of the deadly indifference of unhappy savages as they became reduced to nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation. The civilised colonists place the savages in chain gangs, enslaving them eliminating their identities and breaking their spirit as a people. Throughout the entire novel we, the indorser do not learn a single of the Africans names.They are collectively labelled niggers, creatures, rebels, savages, enemies, ants and criminals by the colonisers. Even the individual natives Marlow babbles of remain unnamed, distant and alien. This is exposed through the portrayal of the helmsman although Marlow shared with him a winsome of partnership, he is nevertheless reduced and objectified as merely an instrument. Conrad discloses the dying identity of the Congos indigenous inhabitants through Marlows initial observation of the blind, white flicker which died out slowly in their enormous and vacant eyes. 3 Friel illustrates Imperialisms instal on identity unequivocally in his play through the function of Sarah. My name is Sarah. Unable to speak her own name previously, Sarahs identity finally emerges and begins to flower. Language is demonstrated to be the key to memory identi ty is formulated through language. Through Sarahs speech, a hidden landscape of consciousness has been unlocked by Manus, prompt to be explored.Sarahs name is crucial in her self-definition and identity, just as with the names of places her name encapsulates not single an identity, but also an origin and a lineage. Sarah blurts out Sarah Johnny Sally to Owen when asked her name, thus providing not only her Christian name but in addition those of her parents. Owen does not hesitate to reply Of course From whorl na hAbhann and complete this marker of the clan. He responds furthermore with his own identity, parentage and place of origin Im Owen Owen Hugh Mor.From Baile Beag. Irish names in Translations quickly become linked not only with identification of an entity, but also with the narrative history associated with that identity through lineage and society. While Friel insists that the play is about language and only language, the fact that Sarah is conquerd again by the colo nisers could represent the suppressive and inconsiderate treatment imposed on the Irish people by the English Imperialists, denying them their freedom of expression and thus their right to an identity.4 Conrad mirrors Sarahs silence and consequent absence of identity in Heart of Darkness through his creation of Kurtzs mistress who although describe as superb, wild-eyed and magnificent in her deliberate progress, reveals the suffering she has endured under colonial domination through her visibly wild sorrow and fear of some struggling, half-shaped resolve. Her formidable silence contrasts wholly with Kurtzs ability to talk.As a musician, politician, poet and humanitarian his inextinguishable gift of noble and lofty expression is equated with political power, thus freehand Kurtz a sense of real presence which is evidently lacking amongst the native Africans who have become disassociated from their past, their origins and their govern over the future. Their only capability in express ing themselves is through their appearance of dumb pain. Exactly like Friels natives, the original inhabitants of the Congo are imprisoned in a linguistic contour which no longer matches the landscape of fact.